Arc Welders

About Arc Welders

Arc welders are essential power tools that use an electrical arc to generate intense heat for joining metal components together. These versatile machines create a bond between metals by melting the workpieces at the point of contact, producing strong, permanent welds suitable for construction, fabrication, repair work, and maintenance projects. Arc welding equipment is valued for its portability, affordability, and ability to work effectively in outdoor conditions where other welding methods might struggle.

The arc welding process uses an electrode—either consumable or non-consumable—through which electrical current passes to create an arc between the electrode and the base material. This arc reaches temperatures of approximately 3,600°C, hot enough to melt most metals instantly. Modern arc welders designed for the UK market typically operate on standard 230V domestic or industrial power supplies, making them accessible for both workshop and on-site applications. Whether you're working with mild steel, stainless steel, or cast iron, arc welders offer a reliable solution for creating robust welds in various thicknesses.

Our range includes quality arc welding machines from trusted manufacturers like Draper, offering various amperage ratings to suit different applications. From lighter-duty models suitable for home workshops and DIY projects to more powerful turbo arc welders capable of handling demanding professional fabrication work, there's an arc welder to match every skill level and budget requirement.

Jargon Buster

• Amperage (A): The electrical current output of the welder, typically ranging from 100A to 200A or more. Higher amperage allows you to weld thicker materials—generally, you need approximately 40A per millimetre of mild steel thickness.
• Duty Cycle: The percentage of a 10-minute period that a welder can operate at a given amperage before needing to cool down. For example, a 60% duty cycle at 100A means the machine can weld for 6 minutes before requiring a 4-minute rest period.
• Electrode: The metal rod or stick coated in flux that conducts the electrical current and provides filler material for the weld. Common sizes include 1.6mm, 2.5mm, and 3.2mm diameter rods for different applications and material thicknesses.
• Arc Strike: The initial contact between the electrode and workpiece that establishes the welding arc. Proper technique is essential to create a stable arc without the electrode sticking to the metal.
• Inverter Technology: Modern arc welders use inverter circuitry to convert mains power efficiently, resulting in lighter, more compact machines with better arc stability and reduced power consumption compared to traditional transformer-based welders.
• Hot Start: A feature that provides a brief surge of extra current when striking an arc, making it easier to initiate the weld and prevent electrode sticking—particularly useful for beginners.

Who Uses Arc Welders?

Arc welding equipment serves a diverse range of users across professional trades and enthusiast applications:

• Fabricators and metalworkers who construct steelwork, gates, railings, and structural components
• Agricultural engineers and farmers repairing machinery, trailers, and farm equipment on-site
• Maintenance technicians in manufacturing, construction, and industrial facilities
• Automotive and motorsport professionals working on chassis repairs, roll cages, and exhaust systems
• Construction site workers requiring portable welding capabilities for structural steel installation
• Plant operators and mechanics maintaining heavy equipment and machinery
• Marine and offshore workers performing repairs on vessels and marine structures
• DIY enthusiasts and home workshop users tackling garden projects, vehicle restoration, and general metalwork
• Engineering students and apprentices learning fundamental welding techniques

How to Choose the Right Arc Welders

Selecting the appropriate arc welder depends on several key factors that match the machine's capabilities to your specific requirements:

Amperage Output: Consider the maximum thickness of metal you'll typically weld. For general DIY work and light fabrication up to 6mm mild steel, a 130-140A welder suffices. Professional tradespeople working with materials up to 10mm thick should consider models offering 160-180A output. Remember that UK domestic circuits are typically rated at 13A, which may limit your options for very high-powered machines without dedicated wiring.

Duty Cycle Requirements: Professional users performing continuous welding work need machines with higher duty cycles—ideally 60% or above at commonly used amperages. Occasional users and DIY enthusiasts can manage with lower duty cycles, provided they allow adequate cooling time between welds.

Portability Considerations: Modern inverter-based arc welders are significantly lighter than older transformer models, typically weighing 5-15kg. If you require site mobility or need to transport equipment frequently between locations, weight and carrying handles become important factors. Turbo arc welders often feature enhanced cooling systems that balance performance with compact dimensions.

Power Supply Compatibility: Verify that your chosen welder matches your available electrical supply. Most domestic workshops have standard 230V single-phase power, which suits the majority of arc welders up to approximately 160A. Industrial settings may offer three-phase supplies for larger machines. Check whether the model includes thermal overload protection to prevent damage from excessive use.

Features and Controls: Look for user-friendly features such as infinitely variable amperage control for precise adjustment, hot start function for easier arc initiation, and anti-stick technology that prevents electrodes from welding to the workpiece. Digital displays provide accurate current readings, whilst analogue dials offer simple, robust control.

Build Quality and Warranty: Reputable brands like Draper offer reliable construction with adequate warranty coverage. Consider the availability of service centres and replacement parts within the UK when making your investment.

Popular Accessories

• Welding Electrodes: Consumable rods in various diameters (1.6mm to 4mm) and specifications for different metals and applications—stock a range suitable for your typical projects
• Welding Earth Clamp: Heavy-duty clamp that completes the electrical circuit by connecting to your workpiece—upgrade to larger clamps for improved contact on thicker materials
• Electrode Holders: The handle assembly that grips the welding rod—spare holders or upgraded models with better insulation and grip improve comfort during extended use
• Welding Helmet or Shield: Essential eye protection with appropriate shade rating (typically shade 10-11 for arc welding) to protect against intense UV radiation and bright light
• Welding Gloves: Heat-resistant leather gauntlets protecting hands and forearms from sparks, spatter, and heat
• Chipping Hammer and Wire Brush: Tools for removing slag and cleaning welds between passes
• Welding Magnets: Positioning aids that hold workpieces at precise angles during tack welding and assembly
• Cable Extensions: Heavy-duty welding cables to extend reach from the machine to the work area

Safety Information

Arc welding involves significant hazards that require proper precautions and protective equipment:

Personal Protective Equipment: Always wear appropriate PPE including a welding helmet with correct shade filter (BS EN 379 standard), leather welding gloves, flame-resistant clothing covering all skin, and safety boots. Never look at the arc without proper eye protection—arc eye (welder's flash) causes painful corneal damage.

Electrical Safety: Arc welders operate at high currents and must be properly earthed. Ensure your electrical installation complies with BS 7671 wiring regulations. Never weld in wet conditions or whilst standing on damp surfaces. Disconnect power before changing electrodes or performing maintenance. If installing dedicated circuits for high-powered welders, consult a qualified electrician familiar with Part P building regulations.

Ventilation Requirements: Welding produces hazardous fumes, particularly when working with coated electrodes, galvanised steel, or painted surfaces. The HSE recommends adequate ventilation or extraction systems, especially in confined spaces. Outdoor work provides natural ventilation, but indoor workshops require mechanical extraction complying with COSHH regulations.

Fire Prevention: Sparks and spatter travel considerable distances—up to 10 metres. Remove flammable materials from the work area, keep a fire extinguisher rated for electrical fires nearby, and never weld near fuel, solvents, or gas cylinders. Be aware that sparks can smoulder for hours in cracks or under materials.

Work Area Organisation: Ensure adequate lighting, maintain a clutter-free workspace, and use non-flammable screening to protect others from arc flash. Post warning signs when welding in shared spaces or on construction sites.

Frequently Asked Questions

What's the difference between arc welding and MIG welding?

Arc welding (also called stick or MMA welding) uses a flux-coated electrode that's consumed during welding, whilst MIG welding uses a continuous wire feed with separate shielding gas. Arc welders are generally more portable, work better outdoors in windy conditions, require less ancillary equipment, and are more affordable, making them ideal for site work, maintenance, and general fabrication. MIG welding offers faster welding speeds and cleaner results for workshop-based production work.

Can I run an arc welder from a standard domestic socket?

Most arc welders up to approximately 140A will operate from a standard UK 13A socket on a 230V supply, though you should verify the machine's current draw and ensure the circuit isn't shared with other high-power appliances. More powerful welders (160A and above) may require a dedicated 16A or 32A circuit installed by a qualified electrician. Always check the manufacturer's specifications and your property's electrical capacity before purchasing.

How thick can I weld with a 140A arc welder?

A 140A arc welder can effectively weld mild steel up to approximately 6mm thickness in a single pass, which covers most DIY and light fabrication requirements including garden furniture, trailer repairs, and general steelwork. For thicker materials, you can use multiple passes or consider upgrading to a higher amperage model. Material type also affects penetration—stainless steel and cast iron have different characteristics than mild steel.

Why does my electrode keep sticking to the metal?

Electrode sticking typically occurs when the amperage is set too low for the electrode diameter, the arc length is too short, or the travel speed is too slow. Increase the current slightly, maintain a consistent arc gap of approximately 2-3mm, and ensure you're moving at a steady pace. Models with hot start and anti-stick functions help prevent this common beginner issue. Also ensure your earth clamp has good contact with clean metal.

Do I need any certification to use an arc welder in the UK?

For personal DIY use, no certification is required. However, professional welders working on structural, pressure vessel, or safety-critical applications typically need relevant qualifications such as CSWIP, City & Guilds, or coded welder certification to specific British or European standards. Employers must ensure welders are adequately trained and competent for their tasks under HSE guidelines. Even for home use, proper training significantly improves results and safety.